The risk of eye- and kidney complications increases as the level increases. "The results of our study show that people with type 1 diabetes for at least 32 years should keep their mean long-term sugar level below 53 mmol/mol (7.0%), if they are to completely avoid serious damage. The blood sugar level in a healthy person is very closely controlled, with a maximum HbA 1c level of 42 mmol/mol (6.0%). This is a fatal condition if untreated, and the patient must either undergo dialysis or receive a kidney transplant. The damage to the kidneys eventually leads to impaired kidney function and, in serious cases, kidney failure. Albumin is the protein with highest concentration in the blood, and when it is present in the urine the condition is known as 'albuminuria'. One consequence of such damage is the excretion of blood proteins in the urine. The kidneys are not as sensitive to high blood sugar levels as the eye, but the important small blood vessels here can also be damaged. Metabolic differences between early birds and night owls could help predict diabetes, heart disease risk.Quinoa-based diet stabilizes blood sugar in older adults.Study shows 72% increase in new diagnoses of type 1 diabetes in young COVID-19 patients.Another effect of diabetes concerns the area known as the 'macula' of the retina, where high-focus vision is located. The latter is known as 'proliferative retinopathy', and can lead to blindness. In some cases, new blood vessels develop in the retina. Nearly all patients experience small haemorrhages in the eye that do not affect their vision. The small blood vessels in the eye are particularly susceptible to damage in type 1 diabetes. They have also monitored the development of eye- and kidney damage in these patients for a period of between 32 and 36 years after diagnosis. The researchers have followed the patients' HbA 1c values, which reflect their average blood sugar levels during a longer period. All 447 newly diagnosed persons in the region during this period were included in the study. Researchers in the current study, known as VISS (Vascular Diabetic Complications in Southeast Sweden), have followed all children and adults younger than 35 years who developed type 1 diabetes during the period 1983-1987, and who received care in the South-East Healthcare Region of Sweden. Hans Arnqvist, professor emeritus at Linköping University and leader of the study This knowledge can increase a person's motivation to keep their blood sugar level under control." Our study determines accurately the levels of long-term sugar that can avoid complications. It has, however, not been clear what level of long-term sugar, HbA 1c, people with type 1 diabetes should have in order to avoid serious damage to blood vessels in the eyes and kidneys. The reasons for this are unclear, but it has been known since the 1990s that good control of blood sugar levels reduces the risk of complications. People with diabetes may experience damage to the small blood vessels in various organs. The study has followed individuals for more than 30 years after the onset of type 1 diabetes, and the results have been published in Diabetes Care. A study from Linköping University, Sweden, has shown that this level should be lower than 53 mmol/mol (7%). The levels of long-term blood sugar, HbA 1c, can be used to accurately determine the risk of a person with type 1 diabetes developing eye- and kidney complications.
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